Cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev qhuas cov qib kev kawm

2024 Tus sau: James Gerald | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 14:08

Lub neej ntawm cov neeg thov rau kev txaus siab lub npe ntawm Associate Professor, Candidate of Science lossis Professor tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj dua. Cov kev xav tau rau cov kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau dhau los nruj dua. Vim tias thaum lub Tsib Hlis 15, ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev qhuas cov qib kev kawm thiab tau txais cov npe kev tshawb fawb tau qhia.

Tsis ntev los no, qhov piv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hauv tus qauv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb tau hloov pauv. Yog tias xyoo 1987 qhov kev qhia paub txuj ci hauv kev tshaj tawm yog 45%, thiab tib neeg - 21%, tom qab ntawd xyoo 2000 lawv pib tiv thaiv cov lus piav qhia ntau ntxiv hauv tib neeg. Tab sis tam sim no nws yuav nyuaj dua rau ob tus kws kho mob thiab kws sau nkauj kom ua qhov no. Hauv ob xyoos dhau los, tus lej ntawm qhov tsis kam lees rau qib kawm ntawv yuav luag peb npaug.

Komsomolskaya Pravda tshaj tawm kev xam phaj nrog lub taub hau ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Lub Xeev Kev Pom Zoo ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb-Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Education Viktor Vyskub. Raws li nws, yog tias ua ntej hauv peb lub tebchaws muaj ob txoj hauv kev sib txuas rau kev sib tham lub npe kev kawm. Ib qho yog rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsev kawm qib siab, lwm tus yog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb, tab sis tam sim no Hierarchical ladders tau dhau los ua qhov sib npaug. Thiab lawv zoo li 2 kauj ruam: tus pab xibfwb thiab xibfwb. Ntxiv mus, rau qhov khoom plig ntawm txoj haujlwm kev kawm"

Yav dhau los, nws muaj peev xwm dhau los ua Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb hla qib ntawm tus neeg sib tw. Thiab txhawm rau kom tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tus neeg sib tw, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj cov ntawv sau uas tau sau los ntawm tes, monograph, lossis daim ntawv tshaj qhia kev tshawb fawb. Tam sim no kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob yam tsis tau hais txog kev tiv thaiv ua ntej ntawm tus neeg sib tw cov lus piav qhia tsis suav nrog.

Yav dhau los, tus neeg thov rau qib kev tshawb fawb ua ntej kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum xa cov npe ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, tab sis qhov tseeb tsis tau hais meej. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yav tom ntej ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm txawv tshaj plaws thiab txawm tias hauv ntawv xov xwm. Tam sim no muaj cov npe txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tshawb fawb qhov twg cov kws kho mob tau tso cai tshaj tawm lawv cov haujlwm. Cov no yog cov phooj ywg tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv xov xwm uas tau paub rau hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb, uas tau sau npe, thiab lawv cov ntawv luam raug cai mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv.

Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov rooj sab laj tshaj tawm tau pib tsim txawm tias hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem uas tsis muaj kev lees paub los ntawm lub xeev. Muaj, cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau raug thwj cim raws li qhov tsis paub meej. Tam sim no tsuas yog VAK koom nrog qhov no.

Thiab Tus Lwm Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lavxias Federation, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Qib Siab, Xibfwb Vladimir Nevolin, hauv kev xam phaj nrog Rossiyskaya Gazeta hais tias: Tam sim no koj tsis tuaj yeem thov rau qib PhD los ntawm kev xa tawm tsuas yog daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev tiv thaiv, Tsuas muaj ib txoj hauv kev - los zaum rau cov lus piav qhia. Kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj kev tshawb fawb, yog tias koj muaj tus neeg sib tw kawm tiav, tuaj yeem ua tau, tab sis tsuas yog kev tso cai tshwj xeeb ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab (Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Qib Siab yog tus kws tshaj lij, kev tshawb fawb hauv lub hauv paus, sib koom ua ke hauv daim ntawv, koom ua ke hauv cov ntsiab lus. lwm qhov, hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci-kws qhia ntawv cov neeg ua haujlwm).

Hauv txoj haujlwm qub, txoj kev xav tau ntawm kev thov tam sim rau daim ntawv pov thawj tau tso cai. Tam sim no tsis yog qhov no - tsuas yog tom qab tiv thaiv nws Ph. D. thesis."

Yog tias cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab tias txoj haujlwm tam sim ntawd rub mus rau tus kws kho mob, txawm tias qhov no, ob theem no yuav tsum tau sib cais raws sijhawm. Ua ntej, Ph. D. thesis raug tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd - tsis ntxov dua li ob hlis tom qab - kev tiv thaiv kws kho mob rau tib txoj haujlwm tau xaiv.

Zoo, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab tshaj plaws yog qhov ua ntej nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thesis hauv 580 qhov tshwj xeeb. Tam sim no tus lej tshwj xeeb tau poob qis mus rau 412. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua ceg kev tshawb fawb tau raug khaws cia. Nws tsuas yog tias qee qhov tshwj xeeb nqaim tau koom ua ib qho kev coj. Ntxiv rau, qhov tshwj xeeb tshiab tau tshwm sim, piv txwv li, "geoecology" thiab "geoinformatics", "ecology", "kev txhawb nqa lub neej hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav" thiab lwm yam.

Cov kev cai ntawm txheej txheem rau kev qhuas cov qib kev kawm

I. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus

1. Txoj Cai no piav qhia lub hauv paus kev cai lij choj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci -txuj ci thiab cov txheej txheem kom tau raws li cov lus qhia - kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim nyog ua haujlwm xa mus rau qib kawm txuj ci.

2. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib koom ua ke hauv xeev txoj cai lij choj hauv lub xeev cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci-kws qhia ntawv thiab cov khoom plig ntawm kev kawm qib siab, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab Siab ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias Federation ua haujlwm, muaj pes tsawg tus pom zoo los ntawm Tsoomfwv Lavxias (tom ntej no raug xa mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab). Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem tam sim no ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tam sim no, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab Siab tsim lub Presidium ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Pom Zoo Siab los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj.

3Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Siab Tshaj Plaws thiab cov thawj coj tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm ntsuas kev tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab tshawb fawb thiab txiav txim siab ua raws li kev tshaj tawm cov lus xa los ntawm lawv rau qib kev tshaj tawm nrog cov qauv tsim los ntawm Cov Cai no.

4. Cov rooj sab laj tsab ntawv yog tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab Siab raws li cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas tau nthuav dav rau lawv cov kev ua tiav hauv cov haujlwm kev paub uas tau txais lub xeev kev lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv lub koom haum tswj hwm rau kev kawm qib siab, cov koom haum tshawb fawb uas tau txais lub xeev kev lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj cai tswjfwm kev tshawb fawb thiab (lossis) kev tshawb fawb -kev ua haujlwm, raws li kev thov ntawm cov koomhaum no (rau cov koomhaum uas muaj daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev haujlwm, raws li tau pom zoo nrog tus tsim).

Cov rooj sab laj ua haujlwm ua haujlwm raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab, uas tswj hwm lawv cov dej num thiab rov kho lub network ntawm cov kws tshaj lij pab tswv yim rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog kev hloov pauv qhia rau Nomenclature of Specialties of Scientific Workers. Cov rooj sab laj tsab ntawv yog tsim los rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kws kho mob lossis tus tswv theses, raws li txoj cai, hauv ob peb, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj tsib qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov rooj sab laj tsim tawm los txiav txim siab cov kws kho mob cov ntawv pov thawj lees txais cov lus sib tham hauv qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv. Cov rooj sab laj cov ncauj lus yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov ua tau zoo thiab muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ncauj lus, rau qhov kev siv tau ntawm kev txiav txim siab thiab tau thov kom ntseeg tau qib siab ntawm cov kev xav tau hauv kev txiav txim siab ua raws cov lus qhia nrog cov qauv tsim los ntawm Cov Cai no.

Yog tias ua txhaum txoj cai rau kev xa thiab tiv thaiv cov lus piav qhia uas tau tsim los ntawm Cov Cai no, Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Siab Siab muaj txoj cai ncua kev ua haujlwm ntawm pawg kws tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm thiab xa cov lus pom zoo rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab Siab txog kev txiav tawm cov haujlwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm pawg sab laj Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm lawv txoj haujlwm raws li kev yeem. Cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim thiab kev koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij, cov cai thiab cov luag num ntawm lub koom haum raws li pawg kws tshaj lij tau tsim, tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Cov Cai ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij, pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias Federation hauv kev pom zoo nrog Ministry of Industry, Science thiab Technology ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb.

5. Kev kawm tiav ntawm Doctor of Science tau txais los ntawm Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission raws li kev thov ntawm Pawg Txiaj Ntsim, tau lees paub los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv pej xeem ntawm kev tshaj tawm los ntawm tus neeg thov nrog Ph.. D degree, suav nrog kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij muaj feem sab laj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Pom Zoo Siab. Kev kawm txuj ci ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv pej xeem ntawm kev tshaj tawm los ntawm tus neeg thov nrog kev kawm siab dua. Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Qib Siab muaj txoj cai los tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov neeg thov rau qib kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb, txiav txim siab muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tshem tawm kev txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij pawg sab laj thaum ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim txheej txheem rau xa thiab tiv thaiv cov ncauj lus.

6. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Lavxias txhim kho thiab pom zoo cov ntawv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm lub xeev tus qauv, teeb tsa cov txheej txheem rau lawv daim ntawv tso tawm thiab, raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam Qib Siab, teeb meem lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj rau kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

7Cov lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev muab khoom plig rau qib kev kawm rau cov tib neeg uas siv cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog lub xeev zais cia hauv lawv txoj haujlwm yog txiav txim los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias Federation.

II. Cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav rau kev tshaj tawm uas xa mus rau qib kawm

8. Kev tshaj tawm rau qib Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb yuav tsum yog kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog ua haujlwm, uas, ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, cov ntsiab lus theoretical tau tsim los, tag nrho cov uas tuaj yeem tsim nyog raws li qhov tshiab kev ua tiav kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, lossis teeb meem kev tshawb fawb loj uas muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev coj noj coj ua lossis kev lag luam tseem ceeb, lossis teeb tsa kev tshawb fawb raws txuj ci, kev lag luam lossis thev naus laus zis kev daws teeb meem, kev siv uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho lub teb chaws kev lag luam thiab nce nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv Kev tshaj tawm rau cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev kawm txuj ci yuav tsum yog kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog ua haujlwm, uas muaj cov lus daws teeb meem uas tseem ceeb rau cov koom nrog cuam tshuam txog kev paub, lossis teeb tsa kev tshawb fawb raws li kev ua haujlwm, kev lag luam lossis thev naus laus zis uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam lossis ua kom lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv.

9. Tus neeg thov rau qib Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb yuav tsum xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tau npaj sau ua ntej, daim ntawv tshaj qhia kev tshawb fawb lossis luam tawm monograph. Tus neeg thov rau qib kev sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau xa cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tau npaj cov ntawv sau lossis luam tawm monograph.

Cov ntawv yuav tsum tau sau ib leeg, muaj cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb tshiab thiab cov lus tau hais tawm los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv rau kev tiv thaiv pej xeem, muaj kev sib koom siab sab hauv thiab ua tim khawv rau tus kws sau ntawv tus kheej pab rau kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab tau thov los ntawm tus sau yuav tsum muaj laj thawj nruj me ntsis thiab tshuaj xyuas zoo hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov kev paub daws teeb meem. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv ua tau zoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tau los ntawm tus sau, thiab hauv kev piav qhia ntawm qhov tseem ceeb theoretical, cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev siv tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.

Kev tsim cov thesis yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias Federation. Kev tshaj tawm feem ntau sau ua lus Lavxias. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm xa tawm cov lus piav qhia ua lwm yam lus uas tsis yog lus Lavxias, pawg kws tshaj lij tau xa daim ntawv thov mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab.

10. Kev tshaj tawm rau qib Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb, npaj los ntawm tus neeg thov kev pab raws li txheej txheej ntawm kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los txog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ua haujlwm hauv cov haujlwm paub uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshawb fawb thiab xyaum, yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho uas paub rau ntau tus kws tshaj lij. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua tiav nrog kev tso cai los ntawm kws tshaj lij pawg kws tshaj lij ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab Siab raws li kev thov ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij. Cov txheej txheem rau kev xa daim ntawv thov no tau tsim nyob hauv Txoj Cai ntawm Pawg Neeg Tshaj Tawm. Cov lus piav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm monograph yog phau ntawv tshawb fawb uas muaj kev kawm tiav thiab kawm tiav ntawm cov ncauj lus, uas tau dhau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov phooj ywg thiab ua tau raws cov qauv tsim los ntawm Txoj Cai no.

11. Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm yuav tsum tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm hauv kev tshawb fawb cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Cov npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm no thiab ntawv tshaj tawm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Pom Zoo Siab. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam txog kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm yog sib npaug nrog daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev tshawb pom thiab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev sau rau kev tshaj tawm uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm USSR rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Nrhiav, patents rau kev tsim khoom; daim ntawv pov thawj qauv siv hluav taws xob; tsim patents; cov khoos phis tawj rau cov khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob; Database; topologies ntawm kev sib xyaw microcircuits, sau npe raws li cov txheej txheem tsim; cov ntawv sau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tso rau hauv cov koom haum ntawm lub xeev cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, sau tseg hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb; ua haujlwm tshaj tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm All-Union, Txhua-Lavxias thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov rooj sib tham thiab kev sib tham; cov ntawv xov xwm rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab suav nrog hauv lub xeev cov txhab nyiaj; kev tshaj tawm hauv kev tshaj xov xwm hluav taws xob sau npe hauv Informregistr raws li tau pom zoo nrog Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Pom Zoo Siab.

12. Thaum sau cov lus piav qhia, tus neeg thov yuav tsum muab cov ntawv txuas rau tus sau thiab lub hauv paus uas nws qiv cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kheej. Thaum siv cov tswv yim lossis kev txhim kho hauv kev tshaj tawm uas yog koom nrog cov kws sau ntawv, sau ua ke nrog leej twg cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau sau, tus neeg thov yuav tsum tau sau qhov no hauv cov lus piav qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem yuav tsum tau hais txog kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ntawm tus neeg thov, ua los ntawm nws ob leeg hauv kev sau ua ke thiab tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv qiv yam tsis tau hais txog tus sau thiab qhov qiv nyiaj, cov lus piav qhia raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txiav txim siab, tsis hais txog theem ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim siab, tsis muaj txoj cai rov hais dua.

13. Tus neeg thov rau qib kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum dhau qhov kev xeem sib tw uas tsim nyog, cov npe uas tau tsim los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nkag Siab thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Russia. Ib tus neeg thov rau qib ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas muaj kev kawm qib siab uas tsis sib xws nrog cov ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas tau npaj cov lus piav qhia, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij cuam tshuam, siv qhov kev xeem sib tw ntxiv hauv kev qhuab qhia dav dav siv tau mus rau ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb no. Cov neeg uas muaj kev kawm kho mob siab dua raug tso cai los tiv thaiv cov lus piav qhia hauv kev kho mob kev tshawb fawb, hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj txhu - cov neeg uas muaj kev kawm paub tsiaj txhu ntau dua. Cov kev xeem sib tw raug pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias Federation.

Txuas ntxiv …