Cov txheej txheem:

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus

Video: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus

Video: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus
Video: ntshawb tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob covid-19 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Meningitis yog mob hnyav, tsim kho sai sai uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj uas tsis sib xws nrog lub neej. Ib tus neeg tsuas tuaj yeem cawm tau los ntawm kev mus ntsib kws kho mob lossis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal.

Txog kev kis mob

Meningitis yog kab mob ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum los ntawm cov kab mob Neisseria meningitidis. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau raug rau cov kab mob no, tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus. Kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws yog pom hauv cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos thiab cov hluas.

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Meningitis yog kis los ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm cov pa. Thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov kab mob txav nrawm heev nrog rau cov ntshav ntws thiab cuam tshuam rau sab hauv ntawm lub hlwb, uas, nyeg, dhau los ua qhov ua rau tuag. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tus menyuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal, txawm hais tias nws tsis suav nrog hauv cov npe uas yuav tsum tau ua.

Cov mob hnyav tshaj plaws suav nrog meningococcemia thiab meningitis. Qhov txaus ntshai loj ntawm tus kab mob yog kev txhim kho sai thiab nyuaj hauv kev kuaj mob thaum pib kis mob. Tom qab kis tus kab mob, tus neeg mob tsis muaj tsos mob dua li kub cev.

Raws li lub cev puas tsuaj, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tshwm sim:

  • nce rhiab heev rau lub teeb;
  • nro hauv cov leeg ntawm lub caj dab, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsaws lub taub hau rau pem hauv ntej;
  • xeev siab;
  • mob taub hau tsis taus;
  • ua npaws.
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Nthuav! Vim li cas koj thiaj xav pw txhua lub sijhawm thiab yuav ua li cas txog nws

Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm tus mob meningitis yog tawv nqaij uas tsis ploj thaum nias nrog ib yam khoom uas pob tshab.

Leej twg xav tau koob tshuaj tiv thaiv

Kev kis tus kab mob yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb hauv menyuam yaus (2-3 xyoos), vim tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov kab mob hauv qab no tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo nce ntxiv:

  • tej yam tsis zoo hauv lub cev;
  • kab mob somatic hnyav;
  • tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Txij li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal tsis suav nrog hauv lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tebchaws, nws tau ua los ntawm kev qhia ntawm kws kho mob lossis yog tias pom muaj kev sib kis ntawm tus kabmob.

Nws raug nquahu kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tiv thaiv tus mob meningitis hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • nrog kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog;
  • ua ntej mus so rau lwm lub tebchaws lossis cheeb tsam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias muaj kev kis tus kabmob tau sau npe rau ntawd);
  • thaum mus xyuas cov pab pawg menyuam yaus.
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Cov niam txiv feem ntau nug txog hnub nyoog twg lawv cov menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus txog 2-3 xyoos.

Contraindications

Nws raug txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal yog tias muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum loj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis thaum muaj kev tsis haum xeeb rau tus kheej.

Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ncua kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qab no:

  • teeb meem zom zaub mov (cem quav, raws plab, thiab lwm yam);
  • ARVI;
  • mob hnyav heev;
  • pathologies nyob rau theem ntawm exacerbation.

Nws tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis tsuas yog 2 lub lis piam tom qab kev noj qab haus huv ib txwm muaj.

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Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv

Tam sim no, muaj 3 hom tshuaj tiv thaiv: sib txuas, protein thiab polysaccharide. Txhua tus ntawm lawv qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv 9 tawm ntawm 10 kis.

Conjugated

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no zoo ib yam li polysaccharide. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kev txhim kho mob meningitis tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm 4 serotypes: W135, Y, C, A.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Conjugate muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov txaus tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txij hnub nyoog 2 hlis. Cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kav ntev txog 10 xyoo.

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Muaj 3 tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg txhaj tshuaj no nrog cov lus qhia sib txawv thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Menveo. Rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2 xyoos thiab laus. Qhia ib zaug txhua 5 xyoos.
  • Nimenrix. Cov lus qhia rau siv - txij li 1 xyoos. Nws yog tswj hwm raws li cov phiaj xwm ib yam li cov tshuaj yav dhau los.
  • NeisVac-C. Tsim nyog tsuas yog los ntawm 1 kab mob - C. Nws tau qhia ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm 2 hlis, pib txij li ob lub hlis hnub nyoog txog 1 xyoos, thiab txij hnub nyoog laus dua - 1 zaug.
  • Menaktra. Nws tau qhia ob zaug los ntawm hnub nyoog 9 hlis nrog rau ncua sijhawm 3 hlis. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rov ua dua ib zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Conjugate tsuas muaj nyob hauv Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Canada.

Cov protein

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hom no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal ntawm serotype B. Lawv pab kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov rau kev kis kab mob.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob protein yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • los ntawm 2 txog 5 lub hlis - peb zaug nrog ncua sijhawm 30 hnub, tom qab ntawd ntxiv 1 koob ntawm 12-23 hli;
  • txij li 6 txog 11 lub hlis - ob zaug nrog ncua sijhawm ntawm 2 lub hlis thiab ntxiv mus txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos;
  • los ntawm 12 txog 23 lub hlis - ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm ntawm 2 lub hlis, tom qab ntawd 1-2 xyoos tom qab txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug;
  • txij li 2 txog 11 xyoos - ob zaug nrog lub sijhawm ntau dua 2 lub hlis;
  • txij hnub nyoog 11 xyoos - ob zaug nrog ncua sijhawm ntau dua 1 lub hlis.
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Nthuav! Vim li cas lub hauv siab mob rau poj niam thiab txiv neej

Tam sim no, tsuas muaj 2 qhov kev npaj ntawm pawg protein - Bexsero thiab MenB. Lawv raug pom zoo kom muab coj los siv thaum tseem me.

Polysaccharide

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hom no pab tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov rau yuav luag txhua hom kab mob meningococcal, tshwj tsis yog B. Tam sim no, muaj 3 hom tshuaj hauv pab pawg no:

  • tetravalent (los ntawm serotypes W135, Y, C, A);
  • trivalent (W135, C, A);
  • sib npaug (A, C).

Cov tshuaj polysaccharide nrov tshaj plaws rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob meningitis suav nrog:

  • Menaktra (txij li 2 txog 55 xyoos);
  • Mentsevax ACWY (laus dua 2 xyoos);
  • Meningo A + C;
  • tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal polysaccharide A + C;
  • qhuav polysaccharide A.
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Txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau menyuam yaus txog 2 xyoos, rau cov neeg laus - 3-5 xyoos. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib zaug txhua 3 xyoos.

Tej zaum yuav tshwm sim

Feem ntau, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal zoo rau txhua lub hnub nyoog. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim uas ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 2 hnub. Cov no suav nrog:

  • ua pob me me, liab, o tuaj ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
  • mob nqaij;
  • tsaug zog;
  • ua npaws;
  • ua daus no;
  • nce me ntsis hauv lub cev kub (tsis tshaj 37, 5 °).
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Yog tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim tom qab 2 hnub, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim.

Nyob ntawm cov tshuaj, tus nqi txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal pib los ntawm 3,700 rubles.

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Cov txiaj ntsig

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningitis yog xaiv tau thiab tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tebchaws. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias tus kab mob no tuag taus, yog li cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam kom tiv thaiv txhua yam kab mob.

Pom zoo: